σωματικαὶ ἡ

σωματικός

of: fem nom /voc pl

κληρονομ-ία, ἡ,

A inheritance, Isoc.19.43, etc.; ἡ κ. κατὰ τὴν ἀγχιστείαν inheritance as heir-at-law, D.43.3;

κ. μὴκατὰδόσιν, ἀλλὰκατὰ γένος Arist.Pol. 1309a23

: metaph., εἰλήφασι τὴν τοῦ ὀνόματος κ. αἱ σωματικαὶ ἡδοναί have taken possession of.., Id.EN 1153b33.

2 property, possession,

ἀνέζευξεν ἕκαστος εἰς τὴν κ. αὐτοῦ LXX Ju.16.21(25)

, cf. 1 Ma.2.56, 6.24.

πεῖσις, εως, ἡ, ([etym.] πάσχω, πείσομαι)

A = πάθος, Hp.Loc.Hom. 1, Sor.2.3, Gal.1.141;

ἡ χολέρα π. τοῦ στομάχου Cass.Pr.59

, cf. Alex.Aphr.Pr. 1.138 : generally, affection, susceptibility,

κινήσεις καὶ π. ψυχῆς Ph.1.617

; αἰσθητικαί, σωματικαὶ π., M.Ant.3.6, 7.55 ;

πείσεων καὶ παθῶν S.E.M.7.384

; ποίησίν τε καὶ π. Plot.3.1.4, cf. 3.6.7, al.

II ( πείθὠ persuasion, Id.2.9.14(pl.).

ἀπό-λαυσις, εως, ἡ,

A act of enjoying, fruition, Th.2.38, OGI669.8 (Egypt, i A. D.);

ἀ. ἀνεύφραντος Secund.Sent.9

.

II result of enjoying, pleasure,

αἱ ἀ. αἱ σωματικαί Arist.Pol. 1314b28

, cf. EN 1148a5, etc.; ὁ κατ' ἀπόλαυσιν βίος a life of pleasure, Id.Top. 102b17.

2 c. gen., aduantage got from a thing,

σίτων καὶ ποτῶν X.Mem.2.1.33

, cf. Hp.VM11;

ἀγαθῶν Isoc.1.27

; ἀπόλαυσιν εἰκοῦς (acc. abs.) as a reward for your resemblance, E.Hel.77, cf. HF 1370;

ἀ. ἑαυτῶν ἔχειν Pl.Ti. 83a

; ἀ. ἀδικημάτων advantage, fruit of them, Luc.Tyr.5.

ἐλάττ-ωσις, εως, ἡ,

A making smaller or less, lessening,

ἡ ἐπιείκεια ἐλάττωσις τῶν συμφερόντων καὶ δικαίων Arist.Top. 141a16

, cf. Pl.Def. 412b;

τροφῆς Epicur. Fr. 428a

: abs., loss, diminution, Diog.Oen.64.

2 depreciation, disparagement, Arist.Rh.Al. 1436b34 (pl.), VV 1251a5 (pl.).

II defeat, in peace or war, Antipho Soph.Oxy.1364.164, Plb.2.36.6, Onos.36.3.

III fault, defect, Phld.Lib.p.20 O. (pl.);

τῆς φύσεως Plu.2.2c

.

2 loss of health or property, ἐ. σωματικαὶ καὶ αἱ τῶν ἐκτός Hierocl.p.49A.

ἡδονή, [dialect] Dor. [full] ἁδονά (or in Trag. chorus [full] ἡδονά S.OT 1339), ἡ, ([etym.] ἥδομαι)

A enjoyment, pleasure, first in Simon.71, S.l.c., Hdt.1.24, al.; prop. of sensual pleasures, αἱ τοῦ σώματος or περὶ τὸ σῶμα ἡ., X.HG 4.8.22,6.1.4; αἱ κατὰ τὸ σῶμα ἡ. Pl.R. 328d; σωματικαὶ ἡ. Arist.EN 1151a13; αἱ περὶ πότους καὶ περὶ ἐδωδὰς ἡ. Pl.R. 389e; but also ἀκοῆς ἡ. Th.3.38; ἡ ἀπὸ τοῦ εἰδέναι ἡ. Pl.R. 582b; of malicious pleasure, ἡ ἐπὶ τοῖς τῶν φίλων κακοῖς, ἐπὶ ταῖς λοιδορίαις ἡ., Id.Phlb. 50a, D.18.138; ἡδονῇ ἡσσᾶσθαι, ἡδοναῖς χαρίζεσθαι, to give way to pleasure, Th. l.c., Pl.Lg. 727c; κότερα ἀληθείη χρήσομαι ἢ ἡδονῆ; shall I speak truly or so as to humour you? Hdt.7.101; εἰ ὑμῖν ἡδονὴ τοῦ ἡγεμονεύειν ib. 160; ἡ. εἰσέρχεταί τινι εἰ.. one feels pleasure at the thought that.., Id.1.24; ἡδονὴν ἔχειν τινός to be satisfied with.., S.OC 1604; ἡδονὴν ἔχει, φέρει, Pherecr.145.2, Alex.263.6; ἡδονὴ ἰδέσθαι (like θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι), of a temple, Hdt.2.137: with Preps. in Adv. sense,

δαίμοσιν πρὸς ἡδονήν A.Pr. 494

; ὃ μέν ἐστι πρὸς ἡ. D.18.4; πρὸς ἡ. λέγειν to speak so as to please another, S.El. 921, Th.2.65;

δημηγορεῖν D.4.38

;

οὐ πρὸς ἡ. οἱ ἦν τὰ ἀγγελλόμενα Hdt.3.126

;

πάντα πρὸς ἡ. ἀκούοντας D.8.34

; later

πρὸς ἡδονῆς εἶναί τινι Parth.8.8

, Lib. Or.12.1;

καθ' ἡδονὴν κλύειν S.Tr. 197

; καθ' ἡδονήν [ἐστί] μοι c. inf., A.Pr. 263; καθ' ἡ. τι δρᾶν, ποιεῖν, Th.2.37,53; καθ' ἡδονὰς τῷ δήμῳ τὰ πράγματα ἐνδιδόναι ib.65; ἐν ἡδονῇ ἐστί τινι it is a pleasure or delight to another, Hdt.4.139; folld. by inf., E.IT 494; by acc. et inf., Hdt.7.15; ἐν ἡδονῇ ἔχειν τινάς to take pleasure in them, Th.3.9; ἐν ἡδονῇ ἄρχοντες, opp. οἱ λυπηροί, Id.1.99;

μεθ' ἡδονῆς Id.4.19

;

ὑφ' ἡδονῆς S.Ant. 648

, etc.; ὑπὸ τῆς ἡ. Alex.24, 110.23: as dat. modi, ἡδονᾷ with pleasure, S. OT 1339 (lyr.), cf. Hdt.2.137 (f.l.).

2 concrete, a pleasure, S.El. 873 (pl.), Ar.Nu. 1072 (pl.); ἡδοναὶ τραγημάτων sweetmeats, Sopat. 17.

3 Pl., desires after pleasure, pleasant lusts, X.Mem.1.2.23, Ep.Tit.3.3, al.

II in [dialect] Ion. Philosophers, taste, flavour, usu. joined with χροιή, Diog.Apoll.5, Anaxag.4 (pl.), cf. Arist.PA 660b9, Thphr. HP4.4.7, LXX Nu.11.8, Eudem. ap. Ath.9.369f, Mnesith. ap. eund.8.357f.

ὑπηρεσ-ία, ἡ, ([etym.] ἐρέτης)

A body of rowers, ship's crew,

οἵ τε ναῦται καὶ οἱ ἐπιβάται καὶ ἡ ὑ. D.50.30

, cf. 10,25,al.; ὑ. κρατίστην ἐμισθωσάμην ib.7;

εἶχον κυβερνήτην Φαντίαν.., παρεσκευασάμην δὲ καὶ τὸ πλήρωμα πρὸς ἐκεῖνον καὶ τὴν ἄλλην ὑ. ἀκόλουθον Lys.21.10

;

κυβερνήτας ἔχομεν πολίτας καὶ τὴν ἄλλην ὑ. πλείους καὶ ἀμείνους ἢ ἅπασα ἡ ἄλλη Ἑλλάς Th.1.143

;

τῆς ἄλλης ὑ. IG12.98.22

;

χρεία πλοίων ἐστὶ καὶ τῆς κατὰ θάλατταν ὑ. Plb.5.109.1

: pl., crews, Th.6.31, 8.1, Isoc.4.142; pl. of naval equipment, [

ναῦς] εὖ ταῖς ὑ. ἐξηρτυμένη Plb.1.25.3

;

ἡ θρὶξ [τῶν αἰγῶν] ἀναγκαία.. εἰς ναυτικὰς ὑπηρεσίας Gp.18.9.3

.

II generally, service,

δουλεία καὶ ὑ. Ar.V. 602

(anap.);

ἰατρικὴ ὑ. Pl.Lg. 961e

;

αἱ σωματικαὶ ὑ. Arist.Pol. 1259b26

; μόρια τὰ πρὸς ταύτην τὴν ὑ. (sc. πορεύεσθαι) Id.Juv. 468a19;

αἱ ὑ. αἱ ἔξωθεν κινητικαί Id.PA 684b33

;

τέχναι καὶ γοητεῖαι καὶ ὅλως ὑ. τινές

all kinds of service,

D. Prooem.52

(s. v.l., deceptions seems to be the sense);

πᾶσαν λειτουργίαν καὶ ὑ. ἐκτελεῖν CIG2786

([place name] Aphrodisias);

παρέχειν τι εἰς ὑ. τινί Pl.Lg. 717c

;

ἡ ἐμὴ τῷ θεῷ ὑ. Id.Ap. 30a

;

τίς αὕτη ἡ ὑ. ἐστὶ τοῖς θεοῖς; Id.Euthphr. 14d

;

τὰς ἐκείνων ὑ. εἰς αὑτόν Id.Lg. 729d

, cf. Arist. EN 1158a17;

ἄλλας ὑ. ὑποστάντα τῇ πόλει IG4.609

([place name] Argos), cf. 12(5).946.23 (Tenos, i/ii A. D.), CIG 2767 ([place name] Aphrodisias), etc.

2 in concrete sense, in pl., the class of servants or attendants, Pl.Lg. 956e, Ep. 350a, cf. IG5(1).1390.98 (Andania, i B. C.): also in sg., retinue, LXX Jb.1.3, OGI139.8 (Philae, ii B. C.); of shop-assistants, Sardis7(1).168 (iv A. D.).

3 ὑ. σοι παντελὴς.. κεραμίων 'a dinner- service', Axionic.7.

σαρκικός, ή, όν (σάρξ; Aristot., HA 10, 2, 635a, 11 v.l.; a verse, perh. by Sotades Lyr. [III B.C.] 19, p. 244 Coll.; Maximus Tyr. 11, 10e v.l. [for σάρκινος]; ParJer 6:6 τῷ σαρκικῷ οἴκῳ [cp. Mel., P. 55, 402 Ch. τοῦ σαρκίνου οἴκου, but σαρκικοῦ B]; Just., Tat.—σαρκικός means ‘belonging to the σάρξ’ [opp. πνευματικός], ‘fleshly’; on the other hand, σάρκινος is ‘consisting/composed of flesh’, ‘fleshy’. Our lit., or at least its copyists, for the most part did not observe this distinction in all occurrences of the word. The forms are generally interchanged in the tradition; for exceptions s. MParsons, NTS 34, ’88, 151–55; s. also B-D-F §113, 2; Rob. 158f.)

① pert. to being material or belonging to the physical realm, material, physical, human, fleshly

ⓐ of everyday earthly things, τὰ σαρκικά in ref. to a collection for the poor in Jerusalem Ro 15:27; of material means of support 1 Cor 9:11.

ⓑ of human physical being as such: Polycarp is σαρκικὸς καὶ πνευματικός, i.e. the physical aspect makes it possible to deal with visible phenomena and the spiritual contributes a special dimension to the encounter IPol 2:2. Jesus is called σαρκικός τε καὶ πνευματικός, γεννητὸς καὶ ἀγέννητος IEph 7:2. The Risen Lord συνέφαγεν αὐτοῖς (i.e. the disciples) ὡς σαρκικός he ate with them as an ordinary human being would ISm 3:3. ἵνα ἐκ νεκρῶν ἡμᾶς ἐγείρῃ σαρκικούς that (Jesus Christ) might raise us mere humans from the dead AcPlCor 2:6.—Sim. ἀγάπη σαρκική τε καὶ πνευματική ISm 13:2. ἕνωσις IMg 13:2. ἐπιμέλεια IPol 1:2. In all these pass. Ignatius expresses his understanding of a human being as consisting of two major parts: material body and inward endowment of spirit. Thus Ignatius’s Christians function in two realms. This perspective is different (exc. for the reminiscence IEph 8:2 [s. 2]) from the qualitative judgments expressed in pass. in 2 in which ς. and πνευματικός are in opposition.

② pert. to being human at a disappointing level of behavior or characteristics, (merely) human. Old Testament perspectives respecting the fragility of bodily existence are assumed in our lit., but with a heightening of contrast between the physical and spiritual state or condition and with focus on the physical as being quite mediocre, transitory, or sinful earthly, mediocre, merely human, worldly (Anth. Pal. 1, 107; Iren. 1, 6, 3 [Harv. I 56, 2]; Orig., C. Cels. 3, 42, 11; Hippol., Ref. 5, 8, 18; Did., Gen. 62, 3): (ἄνθρωποι) ς. 1 Cor 3:4 v.l.; ὅπλα 2 Cor 10:4. σοφία 1:12. αἱ σαρκικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι 1 Pt 2:11; αἱ σαρκικαὶ καὶ σωματικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι D 1:4. Of immature Christians σαρκικοί ἐστε 1 Cor 3:3ab. In what appears to be a reminiscence of 2 Cor 2:14–3:3 (s. also Ro 8:5), of dissidents or schismatics in contrast to orthodox believers οἱ σαρκικοὶ τὰ πνευματικὰ πράσσειν οὐ δύνανται, οὐδὲ οἱ πνευματικοὶ τὰ σαρκικά IEph 8:2.—In addition, σαρκικός is found as v.l. (σάρκινος is in the text, as Maximus Tyr. 11, 10f; Philo, Sacr. Abel. 63) in Ro 7:14; 1 Cor 3:1; Hb 7:16; in all three places the v.l. is the rdg. of the t.r.—S. lit. s.v. σάρξ. DELG s.v. σάρξ. M-M. TW. Spicq.

σωματικός, ή, όν (σῶμα; Aristot. et al.; ins, pap, 4 Macc; Ath. R. 18 p. 70, 32 al.)

① pert. to being corporeal as opposed to noncorporeal, bodily, corporeal, σωματικῷ (opp. ἀσώματος Ps.-Pla., Tim. Locr. 96a; Philo, Op. M. 16; 18) εἴδει bodily form i.e. the Holy Spirit descended in some kind of physical shape: ὡς περιστεράν ‘like a pigeon’ Lk 3:22.

② pert. to the physical body, body-related, bodily (Aristot. et al.; Herm. Wr. 1, 1; ins, pap, Philo; Jos., Bell. 1, 430; 6, 55 ς. ἕξις) ἡ σωματικὴ γυμνασία 1 Ti 4:8. (σαρκικαὶ καὶ) σωματικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι D 1:4 cod. (Aristot., EN 7, 7, 1149b, 26 ἐπιθυμίαι καὶ ἡδοναί; 4 Macc 1:32; Ath., R. 18 p. 70, 32).—DELG s.v. σῶμα. M-M. TW.

ἐπιθυμία, ας, ἡ (s. ἐπιθυμέω; Pre-Socr., Hdt.+)

① a great desire for someth., desire, longing, craving

ⓐ as a neutral term, in Hdt., Pla., Thu. et al. αἱ περὶ τὰ λοιπὰ ἐ. desires for other things Mk 4:19. ἐ. πράξεων πολλῶν desire for much business Hm 6, 2, 5 (but mng. 2 below is also poss.). ἐ. τῆς ψυχῆς desire of the soul Rv 18:14.

ⓑ of desire for good things (Diod S 11, 36, 5 ἐπιθ. τῆς ἐλευθερίας=for freedom; Pr 10:24 ἐ. δικαίου δεκτή; ἄνερ ἐπιθυμιῶν GrBar 1:3; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 111) ἐπιθυμίαν ἔχειν εἴς τι have a longing for someth. Phil 1:23 (ἐ. ἔχειν as Jos., C. Ap. 1, 255; ἐ. εἰς as Thu. 4, 81, 2). ἐπιθυμίᾳ ἐπιθυμεῖν (Gen 31:30) eagerly desire Lk 22:15 (s. on ἐπιθυμέω); ἐν πολλῇ ἐ. w. great longing 1 Th 2:17. ἐλπίζει μου ἡ ψυχὴ τῇ ἐπιθυμίᾳ μου μὴ παραλελοιπέναι τι I hope that, in accordance with my desire, nothing has been omitted B 17:1. ἡ ἐ. καὶ ἡ ἀγρυπνία 21:7. ε. ἀγαθὴν καὶ σεμνήν Hm 12, 1, 1.

② a desire for someth. forbidden or simply inordinate, craving, lust (as early as Plato, Phd. 83b ἡ τοῦ ὡς ἀληθῶς φιλοσόφου ψυχὴ οὕτως ἀπέχεται τ. ἡδονῶν τε καὶ ἐπιθυμιῶν κτλ.; Polystrat. p. 30; Duris [III B.C.]: 76 Fgm. 15 Jac.; then above all, the Stoics [EZeller, Philos. d. Griechen III/1⁴, 1909, 235ff], e.g. Epict. 2, 16, 45; 2, 18, 8f; 3, 9, 21 al.; Maximus Tyr. 24, 4a μέγιστον ἀνθρώπῳ κακὸν ἐπιθυμία; Herm. Wr. 1, 23; 12, 4, also in Stob. p. 444, 10 Sc.; Wsd 4:12; Sir 23:5; 4 Macc 1:22; 3:2 al.; ApcMos 19 ἐ. … κεφαλὴ πάσης ἁμαρτίας; Philo, Spec. Leg. 4, 93, Leg. All. 2, 8, Vi. Cont. 74; Jos., Bell. 7, 261, Ant. 4, 143) Ro 7:7f; Js 1:14f; 2 Pt 1:4. ἐ. πονηρά (X., Mem. 1, 2, 64; Ar. 8, 4) Hv 1, 2, 4; 3, 7, 3; 3, 8, 4; m 8:5. ἐ. κακή (Pla., Leg. 9, 854a; Pr 12:12; 21:26; Just., A I, 10, 6) Col 3:5.—Of sexual desire (as early as Alcaeus [acc. to Plut., Mor. 525ab]; lead tablet fr. Hadrumetum 7 in Dssm., B 28 [BS 273ff] and IDefixWünsch no. 5 p. 23; PGM 17a, 9; 21; Sus Theod. 8; 11; 14 al., LXX 32; Jos., Ant. 4, 130; 132; Ath. 33, 1 μέτρον ἐπιθυμίας ἡ παιδοποιία; Did., Gen. 151, 27 ἄλογος ἐ.) D 3:3. πάθος ἐπιθυμίας 1 Th 4:5. κατʼ ἐπιθυμίαν (cp. Epict. 3, 15, 7; M. Ant. 2, 10, 1; 2; 3; Just., A II, 5, 4; Ath. 21, 1) in accordance with physical desire alone IPol 5:2. πρὸς ἐπιθυμίαν τ. ἀνθρώπων Ox 840, 38 (Ps.-Pla., Eryx. 21, 401e πρὸς τὰς ἐπιθυμίας τοῦ σώματος=to satisfy the desires of the body; cp. 405e: gambling, drunkenness and gluttony are called ἐπιθυμίαι.—In Ox 840, 38, since the ν in ἐπιθυμίαν is missing and restored, the word might also be ἐπιθυμίας.). ἐ. γυναικός (Da 11:37) Hm 6, 2, 5; 12, 2, 1. Pl. (oft. LXX; EpArist 256; Philo) w. παθήματα Gal 5:24. In a list of vices (cp. Philo, Congr. Erud. Grat. 172, Migr. Abr. 60, Vi. Cont. 2) 1 Pt 4:3; D 5:1. ἐ. πολλαὶ ἀνόητοι many foolish desires 1 Ti 6:9; νεωτερικαὶ ἐ. youthful desires 2 Ti 2:22 (WMetzger, TZ 33, ’77, 129–36); κατὰ τὰς ἰδίας ἐ. in accordance w. their own desires 4:3; cp. πρὸς τὰς ἰ. ἐ. Pol. 7:1; κατὰ τὰς ἐ. αὐτῶν AcPl Ha 8, 20 (for this: ἀνομίας AcPl BMM recto, 26, restored after Ox 1602, 27). αἱ πρότερον ἐν τῇ ἀγνοίᾳ ἐ. the desires that ruled over you formerly, when you were ignorant 1 Pt 1:14.—W. gen.: subjective gen. ἐ. ἀνθρώπων 1 Pt 4:2; τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν J 8:44; gen. of quality ἐ. μιασμοῦ defiling passion 2 Pt 2:10; cp. μιαρὰς ἐ. 1 Cl 28:1; βδελυκτὰς ἐ. 30:1. ἐ. τῆς ἀπάτης deceptive desires Eph 4:22. τῶν ἐ. τῶν ματαίων 2 Cl 19:2; cp. Hm 11, 8. ἐ. τῶν ἀσεβειῶν Jd 18. ἐ. τῆς πονηρίας evil desire Hv 1, 1, 8. ἐ. τῆς ἀσελγείας 3, 7, 2; the gen. can also indicate the origin and seat of the desire ἐ. τῶν καρδιῶν of the hearts (Sir 5:2) Ro 1:24. τῆς καρδίας … τῆς πονηρᾶς 1 Cl 3:4. ἐ. τοῦ θνητοῦ σώματος Ro 6:12 (Ps.-Pla., Eryx. 21, 401e, s. above; Sextus 448 ἐπιθυμίαι τοῦ σώματος). τῆς σαρκός Eph 2:3; 1J 2:16; 2 Pt 2:18; B 10, 9. τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν 1J 2:16; to denote someth. to which desire belongs gener. vs. 17; σαρκικαὶ ἐ. (Hippol., Ref. 5, 9, 22; Did., Gen. 62, 3) 1 Pt 2:11; D 1:4; σωματικαὶ ἐ. (4 Macc 1:32) ibid.; κοσμικαὶ ἐ. worldly desires Tit 2:12; 2 Cl 17:3; ἐ. τῶν ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ Pol 5:3; εἰς ἐ. to arouse desires Ro 13:14; ποιεῖν τὰς ἐ. act in accordance w. the desires J 8:44. τελεῖν ἐ. σαρκός gratify the cravings of the flesh Gal 5:16; ὑπακούειν ταῖς ἐ. obey the desires Ro 6:12; δουλεύειν ἐ. be a slave to the desires Tit 3:3; cp. δοῦλος ἐπιθυμίας IPol 4:3. ἄγεσθαι ἐπιθυμίαις be led about by desires 2 Ti 3:6. πορεύεσθαι κατὰ τὰς ἐ. Jd 16; 18; 2 Pt 3:3; ἐν ἐπιθυμίαις (Sir 5:2) 1 Pt 4:3; ταῖς ἐ. τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου Hs 6, 2, 3; 6, 3, 3; 7:2; 8, 11, 3. ἀναστρέφεσθαι ἐν ταῖς ἐ. Eph 2:3.—BEaston, Pastoral Ep. ’47, 186f; RAC II 62–78. S. πόθος.—Schmidt, Syn. III 591–601. M-M. TW. Sv.